IDENTIFIKASI MIKROBA RHIZOSFER PADA TANAMAN LADA MALONAN 1 (Piper nigrum L.) DI KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Purwati Purwati, Tutik Nugrahini

Abstract


Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis mikroba yang terdapat pada rhizosfer tanaman lada Malonan 1 di Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan  Juli sampai Agustus 2018, di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda.

Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa mikroba rhizosfer pada tanaman lada teridentifikasi 1 isolat bakteri, 3 isolat fungi dan 3 isolat nematoda. Bakteri terdiri dari 1 Famili yaitu Azotobacteraceae. Fungi meliputi 3 genus yaitu Aspergilus, Colelotrichum dan Trichoderma. Sedangkan nematoda meliputi 3 genus yaitu Dorylaymus, Paratylenchus dan Rhabditis. Jenis-jenis mikroba yang bermanfaat bagi ekosistem tanah meliputi bakteri  Azotobacteraceae yang dapat menambat N2 (fiksasi) N2 atau biofertilizer. Fungi  Aspergillus dan Trichoderma berperan sebagai agen hayati atau menghambat pertumbuhan patogen (biokontrol) untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman. Sedangkan nematoda Dorylaymus, Paratylenchus dan Rhabditis merupakan mikroba perombak atau decomposer.


Keywords


Identifikasi, Mikroba, Rhizosfer, Lada Malonan 1

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agrios, G.N. 1997. Plant Pathology. Ed ke-4. New York: Academic Press.

Anindyawati, T. 2003. Mikrobia endofit: Manfaat dan cara mengisolasinya. Alam Kita. 12 (1): 11-14.

Barker, K.R. and W.W. Weeks. 1991. Relationships between soil and levels of Meloidogyne incognita and tobacco yield and quality. Journal of Nematology 23(1): 82-90.

Campbell, R.N. and A.S. Greathead. 1996. Control of clubroot of crucifers by liming. In Engelhard, A.W. (Eds). Soilborne Plant Pathogens: Management of Disease with Macro- and Microelements. St paul: APS Press.

Chanway, C. P. 1997. Inoculation of Tree Roots with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: An Emerging technology for reforestation, Forest Science 43: 96-112.

Elizabeth, R. dan Hendayana, R. 2010. Peran dan peluang SL-PHT komoditi lada mempengaruhi kognitif petani perkebunan rakyat (Studi kasus: Propinsi Lampung). Bogor (ID): Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian.

Hallman, J. dan Berg, G. 2006. Spectrum and Population Dynamics of Bacterial Root Endophytes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Germany.

Hindersah, R. dan Simarmata, T. 2004. Potensi Rizobakteri Azotobacter dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Tanah. Jurnal Natur Indonesia. 5, (2), 127-133.

Husen, E. 2003. Screening of Soil Bacteria for Plant Growth Promotion Activities In Vitro.

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural science.4(1) 2003: 27-31.

Hyakumachi, M. and Kubota, M. 2003. Fungi as plant growth promoter and disease suppressor. Pp. 101- 110 In: Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food and Environmental Application. Arora D. K. (ed) Marcel Dekker.

Kaewchai, S. and Soytong, K. 2010. Application of biofungicides against Rigidoporus microporus causing white root disease of rubber trees. Journal of Agricultural Technology 6 (2): 349-363.

Karban, R. and Kuc. 1999. Induced resistance against pathogens and herbivores: An overview. Pp. 1-15 In Induced Plant Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores: Biochemistry, Ecology and Agriculture, (AA Agrawal, S Tuzun and E. Bent, eds.) APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Parker, J., 2000, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Ninth Edition, Prentice-Hall, London

Manici, L.M., F. Caputo and G. Baruzzi. 2005. Additional experiences to elucidate microbial component of soil suppressiveness towards strawberry black root rot complex. Annual Applied Biology 146: 421-431.

Munir, E. 2006. Pemanfaatan Mikroba dalam Bioremediasi: Suatu Teknologi Alternatif Untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Ownley, B.H., B.K. Duffy., and D.M Weller. 2003. Identification and manipulation of soil properties to improve the biological control performance of phenazineproducing Pseudomonas fluorescens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 (6): 3333-3343.

.Porth, G., F. Mangan, R. Wick, and W. Autio. 2003. Evaluation of management strategies for clubroot disease of brassica crops. http://www.umassvegetable.org.

Pinkerton, J.N., K.L. Ivors, P.W. Reeser, P.R. Bristow, and G.E. Windom. 2002. The use of soil solarization for the mangement of soilborne plant pathogens in strawberry and redberry production. Plant Disease 86: 645-651.

Rao, S. 1986. Mikroorganisme Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Terjemahan: Susilo. UI Press. Jakarta.

Sullivan, M. 2005. Phytophthora parasitica Dastur var. nicotianae (Breda de Haan) Tucker. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/pp728/ Ralstonia/Ralstonia_solanacearum_biova rs.html. 12 Juni 2009.

Suryatmana, P. E., Kardena, E., Ratnaningsih, dan Wisnuprapto. 2006. Karakteristik Biosurfaktan dari Azotobacter chroococcum. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia. Vol. 11 No. 1. pp. 30-34.

Suwarto dan Octavianty, Y. 2010. Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan Unggulan. Penebar Swadaya.

Ting, A.S.Y., Mah, S.W & Tee, C.S. 2010. Identification of volatile metabolites from fungal endophytes with biocontrol potential towards Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cubense Race 4. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 5(2): 177-182.

Tondje, P.R., D.P. Robert, M.C. Bon, T. Widmer, G.J. Samuels, A. Ismaiel, A. Begoude, A.D., Tchana, Nyemb-Tshomb, M. Ndoumbe-Nkeng, R. Bateman, D. Fontem, and K.P. Hebbar. 2007. Biological control, 43, 202-212. www.elsevier.com/ locate/ybcon. 7 (Diakses 12 Agustus 2010).

Wedhastri, S. 2002. Isolasi dan seleksi Azotobacter spp. Penghasil Faktor Tumbuh dan Penambat Nitrogen dari Tanah Masam. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan. 3, (1), 45-51.

Wing, K.B., M.P. Pritts, and W.F. Wilcox. 1995. Biotic, edaphic, and cultural factors associated with strawberr black root rot in New York. HortScience 30: 86-90.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31293/af.v19i2.4640

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 AGRIFOR

link ke situs budidaya tani

 Creative Commons License
AGRIFOR : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Kehutanan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

situs web mitra usaha tani