Foaming Agent Concentration Effect on Foam Density and Microstructure for Lightweight Mortar

Andi Marini Indriani, Gunaedy Utomo, Gery Andra Putra Pratama

Abstract


This research investigates the effect of air pressure variation in a foam generator on the physical properties of foam intended for lightweight mortar applications. The primary objective was to identify the optimal operational pressure to produce stable and high quality foam. A constan foaming agent concentration of 6 bar was used while the air pressure was varied at 2%, 4%, 6%. The study involved a laboratory experiment where the foam’s density was quantitatively measured, and its bubble microstructure was qualitatively observed. The result showed a non-linear relationship between air pressure and foam density. The foam density increased foam 0,039 t/m³ at 2% concentration, to an optimal value of 0,062 t/m³ at 6%. The density 2% failed to meet the PUPR standard (0,05-0,085 t/m³), while 4% and 6% were compliant. Microstructural analysis supported these findings, revealing that the foam produced at 6% had the most uniform, small, and compact bubble structure, indicating higher sability. In contrast, 2% produced larger, highly unstable bubbles. The study concludes that a 6% is optimal for producing foam with the highest density and most favorable microstructure under the tested conditions, highlighting the critical role of precise pressure control in manufacturing lightweoght construction materials.

Keywords


lightweight mortar; foaming agent; foam density

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References


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