PROSES MENCAPAI PRESTASI AKADEMIK: STUDI PADA MAHASISWA OVERACHIEVER DAN UNDERACHIEVER

Angellina Anastasia Halim, Mary Philia Elisabeth

Abstract


Abstract. Effective student selection ensures alignment between candidates and universities,
promoting equitable access. Despite sufficient potential, some students underperform
academically ("underachievers"), while others exceed expectations ("overachievers").
Academic achievement, a key success indicator, is influenced by numerous factors requiring
deeper exploration, particularly through qualitative methods. This study investigates the
psychological dynamics of overachievers and underachievers in academic success. Using a
naïve realist qualitative approach, it examines internal factors (motivation, personality, selfefficacy)

and external factors (family support, social environment, educational facilities).
Data were collected via in-depth interviews and participatory observations with four active
students from the Faculty of Psychology at University X in Surabaya. Findings reveal that
overachievers exhibit high dedication driven by internal validation needs, while
underachievers face barriers bridging potential and outcomes. Social support, learning
patterns, and stress management significantly influence academic behaviors. Insights from
this study inform targeted interventions, such as guidance programs and training, to help
students optimize their potential.

 

Abstrak. Seleksi mahasiswa yang efektif memastikan keselarasan antara kandidat dan
universitas, sekaligus mendukung akses yang merata. Meski memiliki potensi yang memadai,
beberapa mahasiswa menunjukkan kinerja akademik yang rendah ("underachievers"),
sementara yang lain melampaui ekspektasi ("overachievers"). Prestasi akademik, sebagai
indikator keberhasilan utama, dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang membutuhkan
eksplorasi lebih mendalam, khususnya melalui metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengkaji
dinamika psikologis overachievers dan underachievers dalam mencapai kesuksesan
akademik. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif naïve realist, penelitian ini menelaah faktor internal
(motivasi, kepribadian, efikasi diri) dan faktor eksternal (dukungan keluarga, lingkungan
sosial, fasilitas pendidikan). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi
partisipatif terhadap empat mahasiswa aktif dari Fakultas Psikologi di Universitas X
Surabaya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa overachievers memiliki dedikasi tinggi yang dipacu
oleh kebutuhan validasi internal, sedangkan underachievers menghadapi hambatan dalam
menjembatani potensi dan hasil akademik. Dukungan sosial, pola belajar, dan manajemen
stres secara signifikan memengaruhi perilaku akademik. Wawasan dari penelitian ini menjadi
dasar untuk intervensi yang ditargetkan, seperti program bimbingan dan pelatihan, untuk
membantu mahasiswa mengoptimalkan potensinya.


Keywords


academic achievement, learning motivation, overachiever, social support, underachiever. dukungan sosial, motivasi belajar, overachiever, prestasi akademik, underachiever.

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Fakultas Psikologi

Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda

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