Penerapan PHBS, Perilaku Pencarian Informasi, dan Kesehatan Mental Masyarakat di Awal Masa Pandemik COVID 19

Diany Ufieta Syafitri, Malisa Falasifah, Farahdiba Ramadhani Hakim

Abstract


Pandemik COVID 19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat adanya perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik secara fisik, sosial, ekonomi, dan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana perilaku masyarakat dalam menerapkan anjuran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), perilaku mencari informasi terkait COVID 19, dan kaitannya dengan gangguan kesehatan mental umum yaitu depresi, kecemasan, dan stres. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) dan kuesioner yang mengukur 1) penerapan anjuran PHBS dan 2) perilaku pencarian informasi terkait COVID 19. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada awal masa pandemik COVID 19 terjadi di Indonesia dengan total responden 526 orang yang berasal dari 17 propinsi di Indonesia, terdiri atas beragam segmen penduduk yaitu siswa SMA hingga pensiunan. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengikuti anjuran PHBS dan memiliki skor depresi, cemas, dan stres dalam kategori normal. Analisis lanjutan menggunakan korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa penerapan anjuran PHBS memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap skor depresi (rho -0,271; p<0,00), kecemasan (rho -0,210; p<0,00), dan stres (r -0,251, p<0,00), sementara tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara aspek pencarian informasi dengan ketiga gangguan kesehatan mental umum tersebut. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor penerapan PHBS dan pencarian informasi juga skor depresi, kecemasan, dan stres memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan ditinjau dari jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, dan kategori usia. Responden dengan kategori usia 17-20 tahun, belum menikah, dan berjenis kelamin perempuan memiliki rerata peringkat yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada skor depresi, kecemasan, dan stres. Di sisi lain, responden berjenis kelamin perempuan, sudah menikah, dan berusia 41-60 tahun memiliki rerata peringkat penerapan anjuran PHBS yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya meningkatkan sosialisasi dan psikoedukasi terkait PHBS dan pemahaman terkait COVID 19 karena penerapan anjuran PHBS berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan terhadap munculnya gangguan kesehatan mental umum. Selain itu perlu adanya tindakan preventif baik bagi masyarakat umum maupun tersendiri pada segmen usia remaja, penduduk yang belum menikah, dan berjenis kelamin perempuan terhadap munculnya gangguan kesehatan mental umum. 

Kata kunci: perilaku hidup bersih sehat, pencarian informasi, pandemik COVID 19, depresi, cemas, stres


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31293/mv.v4i2.5586

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